COLOR FASTNESS "TO-AND-FRO RUBBING"

This instrument measures the resistance of the finishing against continuous rubbin.

The test is carried out by rubbing the sample's surface with a fabric of dry felt (dry test) or wet felt (wet test with water). The test is also carried out with a solution similar to human sweat which is very aggressive to leather finishing (perspiration test). The action of the rubbing is conducted using felt dice made of white wool (or black if the leather sample is white). The felt dice are submitted to a standard weight of 1 kg (2.2 pounds); they perform an alternate linear movement on the leather surface. Felts are checked for color transfer during rubbing. Once the leather starts transferring color to the felt, the test is stopped and the number of cycles noted as a result.

Reccomended values:
As a guide, according to the current European Standard of Upholstery Leather Characteristics, the recommended values are as follows:

	Semi-aniline leathers	Pigmented leathers
Dry rub:	1000 cycles - minimum 4° of the gray scale	1000 cycles - minimum 4° of the gray scale1
Wet rub:	250 cycles - minimum 4° of the gray scale	500 cycles - minimum 4° of the gray scale
Sweat rub:	100 cycles - minimum 4° of the gray scale	100 cycles - minimum 4° of the gray scale